{
 "cells": [
  {
   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "# MCP Client Example\n",
    "\n",
    "Here is the example of how you can use Kotlin MCP client.\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's start with adding dependencies and imports.\n",
    "\n",
    "We'll need:\n",
    "- Kotlin SDK Client\n",
    "- Ktor client\n",
    "- Kotlinx.coroutines"
   ]
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.281786Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.126434Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "%use coroutines (1.10.2)\n",
    "%use ktor-client (0.3.0-5)\n",
    "\n",
    "USE {\n",
    "    dependencies(\n",
    "        \"io.modelcontextprotocol:kotlin-sdk-client-jvm:0.8.1\",\n",
    "    )\n",
    "}"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 9
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.298752Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.285099Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking\n",
    "import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.EmptyJsonObject\n",
    "import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.types.Implementation\n",
    "import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.types.TextContent\n",
    "import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client.Client\n",
    "import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client.ClientOptions\n",
    "import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client.StdioClientTransport\n",
    "import io.modelcontextprotocol.kotlin.sdk.client.StreamableHttpClientTransport\n",
    "import io.ktor.client.HttpClient\n",
    "import io.ktor.client.call.body\n",
    "import io.ktor.client.request.get\n",
    "import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable\n",
    "import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject\n",
    "import io.ktor.client.plugins.logging.*\n",
    "import io.ktor.client.plugins.sse.SSE"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 10
  },
  {
   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "First, let's create the Ktor HTTP Client first.\n",
    "We are installing Server-Sent Events (SSE) plugin, and, also, a Logging plugin for convenience."
   ]
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.346926Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.301809Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "val httpClient = HttpClient {\n",
    "    install(SSE)\n",
    "    install(Logging) {\n",
    "        level = LogLevel.ALL\n",
    "        logger = object : Logger {\n",
    "            override fun log(message: String) {\n",
    "                DISPLAY(HTML(\"<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>$message</pre></details>\"))\n",
    "            }\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 11
  },
  {
   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": "Now let's create an MCP client:"
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.375128Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.350611Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "val mcpClient = Client(\n",
    "    clientInfo = Implementation(\n",
    "        name = \"my-client\",\n",
    "        version = \"1.0.0\"\n",
    "    ),\n",
    "    options = ClientOptions(),\n",
    ")"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 12
  },
  {
   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": "Now we can connect an MCP client to remote MCP server via StreamableHttpClientTransport"
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:58.199710Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:57.379661Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "runBlocking {\n",
    "    mcpClient.connect(\n",
    "        StreamableHttpClientTransport(\n",
    "            client = httpClient,\n",
    "            url = \"https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\"\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    println(\"✅ Server version: ${mcpClient.serverVersion}\")\n",
    "    println(\"✅ Server capabilities: ${mcpClient.serverCapabilities}\")\n",
    "}"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>REQUEST: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Accept: application/json, text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Accept-Charset: UTF-8\n",
       "CONTENT HEADERS\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 191\n",
       "-> Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "{\"id\":\"26884bad1c9b4ea0b9c4470f893b60d3\",\"method\":\"initialize\",\"params\":{\"protocolVersion\":\"2025-06-18\",\"capabilities\":{},\"clientInfo\":{\"name\":\"my-client\",\"version\":\"1.0.0\"}},\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>RESPONSE: 200 OK\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "FROM: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Akamai-Cache-Status: Miss from child, Miss from parent\n",
       "-> Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store\n",
       "-> Connection: keep-alive\n",
       "-> Content-Encoding: identity\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 1947\n",
       "-> Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:57 GMT\n",
       "-> Expires: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:57 GMT\n",
       "-> Mcp-Session-Id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "-> Request-Context: appId=cid-v1:ccd19013-8f20-4877-8d3f-84a0107e7119\n",
       "-> Set-Cookie: ASLBSA=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;; ASLBSACORS=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; SameSite=none; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;\n",
       "-> Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload\n",
       "-> X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\n",
       "-> X-Powered-By: ASP.NET\n",
       "-> nel: {\"report_to\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"success_fraction\":0.01,\"failure_fraction\":1.0}\n",
       "-> report-to: {\"group\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https://mdec.nelreports.net/api/report?cat=mdocs\"}]}\n",
       "-> x-azure-ref: 20251204T160857Z-r1cfc47d796grb7bhC1STOs2rc0000002u20000000002xwb\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "event: message\n",
       "data: {\"result\":{\"protocolVersion\":\"2025-06-18\",\"capabilities\":{\"logging\":{},\"prompts\":{},\"resources\":{},\"tools\":{\"listChanged\":true}},\"serverInfo\":{\"name\":\"Microsoft Learn MCP Server\",\"version\":\"1.0.0\"},\"instructions\":\"# Microsoft Learn MCP Server\\r\\n\\r\\nThis server gives structured access to official Microsoft and Azure documentation via three tools:\\r\\n\\r\\n## Tools\\r\\n\\r\\n### microsoft_docs_search\\r\\nSearch official documentation and return up to 10 concise, high-quality content chunks (max 500 tokens each), including title, URL, and excerpt.\\r\\n\\r\\n- Use first to get a quick, reliable overview\\r\\n- Ideal for grounding answers in Microsoft knowledge\\r\\n\\r\\n### microsoft_code_sample_search\\r\\nSearch for code snippets and examples in official Microsoft Learn documentation and return up to 20 relevant, high-quality code samples.\\r\\n\\r\\n- Use when you need to provide sample Microsoft/Azure related code in your answers.  \\r\\n- Ideal for generating code snippets or practical implementation examples.  \\r\\n- Optional parameter \\u0060language\\u0060 can filter results. \\r\\n\\r\\n### microsoft_docs_fetch\\r\\nFetch and convert full Microsoft documentation pages to markdown.\\r\\n\\r\\n- Use after search when you need full content from a specific URL\\r\\n- Required for detailed tutorials, troubleshooting, prerequisites, code samples, or when search results are incomplete or outdated\\r\\n\\r\\n## Workflow\\r\\n\\r\\n1. Use \\u0060microsoft_docs_search\\u0060 to find relevant documents.\\r\\n2. If you need code examples or practical snippets, use \\u0060microsoft_code_sample_search\\u0060.\\r\\n3. If deeper or complete information is needed, use \\u0060microsoft_docs_fetch\\u0060.\\r\\n\\r\\n**Search gives breadth. Code Sample Search gives practical examples. Fetch gives depth.**\\r\\n\\r\\nAll content comes from Microsoft Learn or official sources, returned in clean markdown format.\"},\"id\":\"26884bad1c9b4ea0b9c4470f893b60d3\",\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>REQUEST: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Accept: application/json, text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Accept-Charset: UTF-8\n",
       "-> mcp-session-id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "CONTENT HEADERS\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 54\n",
       "-> Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "{\"method\":\"notifications/initialized\",\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>RESPONSE: 202 Accepted\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "FROM: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Akamai-Cache-Status: Miss from child, Miss from parent\n",
       "-> Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store\n",
       "-> Connection: keep-alive\n",
       "-> Content-Encoding: identity\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 0\n",
       "-> Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:57 GMT\n",
       "-> Expires: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:57 GMT\n",
       "-> Mcp-Session-Id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "-> Request-Context: appId=cid-v1:ccd19013-8f20-4877-8d3f-84a0107e7119\n",
       "-> Set-Cookie: ASLBSA=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;; ASLBSACORS=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; SameSite=none; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;\n",
       "-> Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload\n",
       "-> X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\n",
       "-> X-Powered-By: ASP.NET\n",
       "-> nel: {\"report_to\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"success_fraction\":0.01,\"failure_fraction\":1.0}\n",
       "-> report-to: {\"group\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https://mdec.nelreports.net/api/report?cat=mdocs\"}]}\n",
       "-> x-azure-ref: 20251204T160857Z-r1cfc47d796r8qqwhC1STO91g00000001p6g000000002rdg\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: null\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>REQUEST: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "METHOD: GET\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Accept: application/json\n",
       "-> Accept-Charset: UTF-8\n",
       "-> mcp-session-id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "CONTENT HEADERS\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 0\n",
       "-> Accept: text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Cache-Control: no-store\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: null\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "✅ Server version: Implementation(name=Microsoft Learn MCP Server, version=1.0.0, title=null, websiteUrl=null, icons=null)\n",
      "✅ Server capabilities: ServerCapabilities(tools=Tools(listChanged=true), resources=Resources(listChanged=null, subscribe=null), prompts=Prompts(listChanged=null), logging={}, completions=null, experimental=null)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 13
  },
  {
   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": "Now we can send ping request to MCP server:"
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:58.507109Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:58.206412Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "runBlocking {\n",
    "    mcpClient.ping()\n",
    "}"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>REQUEST: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Accept: application/json, text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Accept-Charset: UTF-8\n",
       "-> mcp-session-id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "CONTENT HEADERS\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 73\n",
       "-> Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "{\"id\":\"caf63f9816a44766a926944329e987d5\",\"method\":\"ping\",\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>RESPONSE: 200 OK\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "FROM: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Akamai-Cache-Status: Miss from child, Miss from parent\n",
       "-> Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store\n",
       "-> Connection: keep-alive\n",
       "-> Content-Encoding: identity\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 92\n",
       "-> Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:58 GMT\n",
       "-> Expires: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:58 GMT\n",
       "-> Mcp-Session-Id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "-> Request-Context: appId=cid-v1:ccd19013-8f20-4877-8d3f-84a0107e7119\n",
       "-> Set-Cookie: ASLBSA=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;; ASLBSACORS=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; SameSite=none; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;\n",
       "-> Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload\n",
       "-> X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\n",
       "-> X-Powered-By: ASP.NET\n",
       "-> nel: {\"report_to\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"success_fraction\":0.01,\"failure_fraction\":1.0}\n",
       "-> report-to: {\"group\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https://mdec.nelreports.net/api/report?cat=mdocs\"}]}\n",
       "-> x-azure-ref: 20251204T160858Z-r195dfd6579k9c28hC1STOn4n80000000nk0000000006rvx\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "event: message\n",
       "data: {\"result\":{},\"id\":\"caf63f9816a44766a926944329e987d5\",\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "EmptyResult(meta=null)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 14
  },
  {
   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": "Let's get a list of available tools:"
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:58.818668Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:58.530569Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "runBlocking {\n",
    "    val listToolsResult = mcpClient.listTools()\n",
    "\n",
    "    for (tool in listToolsResult.tools) {\n",
    "        DISPLAY(tool)\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>REQUEST: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Accept: application/json, text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Accept-Charset: UTF-8\n",
       "-> mcp-session-id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "CONTENT HEADERS\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 79\n",
       "-> Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "{\"id\":\"1c46ee9521954378958971e267d543fc\",\"method\":\"tools/list\",\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>RESPONSE: 200 OK\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "FROM: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Akamai-Cache-Status: Miss from child, Miss from parent\n",
       "-> Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store\n",
       "-> Connection: keep-alive\n",
       "-> Content-Encoding: identity\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 4495\n",
       "-> Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:58 GMT\n",
       "-> Expires: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:58 GMT\n",
       "-> Mcp-Session-Id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "-> Request-Context: appId=cid-v1:ccd19013-8f20-4877-8d3f-84a0107e7119\n",
       "-> Set-Cookie: ASLBSA=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;; ASLBSACORS=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; SameSite=none; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;\n",
       "-> Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload\n",
       "-> X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\n",
       "-> X-Powered-By: ASP.NET\n",
       "-> nel: {\"report_to\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"success_fraction\":0.01,\"failure_fraction\":1.0}\n",
       "-> report-to: {\"group\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https://mdec.nelreports.net/api/report?cat=mdocs\"}]}\n",
       "-> x-azure-ref: 20251204T160858Z-r195dfd6579k9c28hC1STOn4n80000000nk0000000006rw8\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "event: message\n",
       "data: {\"result\":{\"tools\":[{\"name\":\"microsoft_docs_search\",\"title\":\"Microsoft Docs Search\",\"description\":\"Search official Microsoft/Azure documentation to find the most relevant and trustworthy content for a user\\u0027s query. This tool returns up to 10 high-quality content chunks (each max 500 tokens), extracted from Microsoft Learn and other official sources. Each result includes the article title, URL, and a self-contained content excerpt optimized for fast retrieval and reasoning. Always use this tool to quickly ground your answers in accurate, first-party Microsoft/Azure knowledge.\\n\\nThe \\u0060question\\u0060 parameter is no longer used, use \\u0060query\\u0060 instead.\\n\\n## Follow-up Pattern\\nTo ensure completeness, use microsoft_docs_fetch when high-value pages are identified by search. The fetch tool complements search by providing the full detail. This is a required step for comprehensive results.\",\"inputSchema\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"query\":{\"description\":\"a query or topic about Microsoft/Azure products, services, platforms, developer tools, frameworks, or APIs\",\"type\":\"string\",\"default\":null},\"question\":{\"description\":\"this parameter is no longer used, use query instead.\",\"type\":\"string\",\"default\":null}}},\"annotations\":{\"title\":\"Microsoft Docs Search\",\"destructiveHint\":false,\"idempotentHint\":true,\"readOnlyHint\":true}},{\"name\":\"microsoft_code_sample_search\",\"title\":\"Microsoft Code Sample Search\",\"description\":\"Search for code snippets and examples in official Microsoft Learn documentation. This tool retrieves relevant code samples from Microsoft documentation pages providing developers with practical implementation examples and best practices for Microsoft/Azure products and services related coding tasks. This tool will help you use the **LATEST OFFICIAL** code snippets to empower coding capabilities.\\n\\n## When to Use This Tool\\n- When you are going to provide sample Microsoft/Azure related code snippets in your answers.\\n- When you are **generating any Microsoft/Azure related code**.\\n\\n## Usage Pattern\\nInput a descriptive query, or SDK/class/method name to retrieve related code samples. The optional parameter \\u0060language\\u0060 can help to filter results.\\n\\nEligible values for \\u0060language\\u0060 parameter include: csharp javascript typescript python powershell azurecli al sql java kusto cpp go rust ruby php\",\"inputSchema\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"query\":{\"description\":\"a descriptive query, SDK name, method name or code snippet related to Microsoft/Azure products, services, platforms, developer tools, frameworks, APIs or SDKs\",\"type\":\"string\"},\"language\":{\"description\":\"Optional parameter specifying the programming language of code snippets to retrieve. Can significantly improve search quality if provided. Eligible values: csharp javascript typescript python powershell azurecli al sql java kusto cpp go rust ruby php\",\"type\":\"string\",\"default\":null}},\"required\":[\"query\"]},\"annotations\":{\"title\":\"Microsoft Code Sample Search\",\"destructiveHint\":false,\"idempotentHint\":true,\"readOnlyHint\":true}},{\"name\":\"microsoft_docs_fetch\",\"title\":\"Microsoft Docs Fetch\",\"description\":\"Fetch and convert a Microsoft Learn documentation page to markdown format. This tool retrieves the latest complete content of Microsoft documentation pages including Azure, .NET, Microsoft 365, and other Microsoft technologies.\\n\\n## When to Use This Tool\\n- When search results provide incomplete information or truncated content\\n- When you need complete step-by-step procedures or tutorials\\n- When you need troubleshooting sections, prerequisites, or detailed explanations\\n- When search results reference a specific page that seems highly relevant\\n- For comprehensive guides that require full context\\n\\n## Usage Pattern\\nUse this tool AFTER microsoft_docs_search when you identify specific high-value pages that need complete content. The search tool gives you an overview; this tool gives you the complete picture.\\n\\n## URL Requirements\\n- The URL must be a valid link from the microsoft.com domain.\\n\\n## Output Format\\nmarkdown with headings, code blocks, tables, and links preserved.\",\"inputSchema\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"url\":{\"description\":\"URL of the Microsoft documentation page to read\",\"type\":\"string\"}},\"required\":[\"url\"]},\"annotations\":{\"title\":\"Microsoft Docs Fetch\",\"destructiveHint\":false,\"idempotentHint\":true,\"readOnlyHint\":true}}]},\"id\":\"1c46ee9521954378958971e267d543fc\",\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
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       "Tool(name=microsoft_docs_search, inputSchema=ToolSchema(properties={\"query\":{\"description\":\"a query or topic about Microsoft/Azure products, services, platforms, developer tools, frameworks, or APIs\",\"type\":\"string\",\"default\":null},\"question\":{\"description\":\"this parameter is no longer used, use query instead.\",\"type\":\"string\",\"default\":null}}, required=null), description=Search official Microsoft/Azure documentation to find the most relevant and trustworthy content for a user's query. This tool returns up to 10 high-quality content chunks (each max 500 tokens), extracted from Microsoft Learn and other official sources. Each result includes the article title, URL, and a self-contained content excerpt optimized for fast retrieval and reasoning. Always use this tool to quickly ground your answers in accurate, first-party Microsoft/Azure knowledge.\n",
       "\n",
       "The `question` parameter is no longer used, use `query` instead.\n",
       "\n",
       "## Follow-up Pattern\n",
       "To ensure completeness, use microsoft_docs_fetch when high-value pages are identified by search. The fetch tool complements search by providing the full detail. This is a required step for comprehensive results., outputSchema=null, title=Microsoft Docs Search, annotations=ToolAnnotations(title=Microsoft Docs Search, readOnlyHint=true, destructiveHint=false, idempotentHint=true, openWorldHint=null), icons=null, meta=null)"
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     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
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    },
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     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Tool(name=microsoft_code_sample_search, inputSchema=ToolSchema(properties={\"query\":{\"description\":\"a descriptive query, SDK name, method name or code snippet related to Microsoft/Azure products, services, platforms, developer tools, frameworks, APIs or SDKs\",\"type\":\"string\"},\"language\":{\"description\":\"Optional parameter specifying the programming language of code snippets to retrieve. Can significantly improve search quality if provided. Eligible values: csharp javascript typescript python powershell azurecli al sql java kusto cpp go rust ruby php\",\"type\":\"string\",\"default\":null}}, required=[query]), description=Search for code snippets and examples in official Microsoft Learn documentation. This tool retrieves relevant code samples from Microsoft documentation pages providing developers with practical implementation examples and best practices for Microsoft/Azure products and services related coding tasks. This tool will help you use the **LATEST OFFICIAL** code snippets to empower coding capabilities.\n",
       "\n",
       "## When to Use This Tool\n",
       "- When you are going to provide sample Microsoft/Azure related code snippets in your answers.\n",
       "- When you are **generating any Microsoft/Azure related code**.\n",
       "\n",
       "## Usage Pattern\n",
       "Input a descriptive query, or SDK/class/method name to retrieve related code samples. The optional parameter `language` can help to filter results.\n",
       "\n",
       "Eligible values for `language` parameter include: csharp javascript typescript python powershell azurecli al sql java kusto cpp go rust ruby php, outputSchema=null, title=Microsoft Code Sample Search, annotations=ToolAnnotations(title=Microsoft Code Sample Search, readOnlyHint=true, destructiveHint=false, idempotentHint=true, openWorldHint=null), icons=null, meta=null)"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
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     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Tool(name=microsoft_docs_fetch, inputSchema=ToolSchema(properties={\"url\":{\"description\":\"URL of the Microsoft documentation page to read\",\"type\":\"string\"}}, required=[url]), description=Fetch and convert a Microsoft Learn documentation page to markdown format. This tool retrieves the latest complete content of Microsoft documentation pages including Azure, .NET, Microsoft 365, and other Microsoft technologies.\n",
       "\n",
       "## When to Use This Tool\n",
       "- When search results provide incomplete information or truncated content\n",
       "- When you need complete step-by-step procedures or tutorials\n",
       "- When you need troubleshooting sections, prerequisites, or detailed explanations\n",
       "- When search results reference a specific page that seems highly relevant\n",
       "- For comprehensive guides that require full context\n",
       "\n",
       "## Usage Pattern\n",
       "Use this tool AFTER microsoft_docs_search when you identify specific high-value pages that need complete content. The search tool gives you an overview; this tool gives you the complete picture.\n",
       "\n",
       "## URL Requirements\n",
       "- The URL must be a valid link from the microsoft.com domain.\n",
       "\n",
       "## Output Format\n",
       "markdown with headings, code blocks, tables, and links preserved., outputSchema=null, title=Microsoft Docs Fetch, annotations=ToolAnnotations(title=Microsoft Docs Fetch, readOnlyHint=true, destructiveHint=false, idempotentHint=true, openWorldHint=null), icons=null, meta=null)"
      ]
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   "execution_count": 15
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   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": "Let's call a tool:"
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:59.912312Z",
     "start_time": "2025-12-04T16:08:58.839853Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "runBlocking {\n",
    "    val toolCallResult = mcpClient.callTool(\n",
    "        name = \"microsoft_docs_search\",\n",
    "        arguments = mapOf(\"query\" to \"Linux\")\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    toolCallResult?.let {\n",
    "        for (content in it.content) {\n",
    "            println(content)\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>REQUEST: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Accept: application/json, text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Accept-Charset: UTF-8\n",
       "-> mcp-session-id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "CONTENT HEADERS\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 162\n",
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       "BODY Content-Type: application/json\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "{\"id\":\"c4d77709f5314c9e9f097f08dd756438\",\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"microsoft_docs_search\",\"arguments\":{\"query\":\"Linux\"},\"_meta\":{}},\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
       "BODY END</pre></details>"
      ]
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      "display_id": null
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     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<details><summary>HTTP Log</summary><pre>RESPONSE: 200 OK\n",
       "METHOD: POST\n",
       "FROM: https://learn.microsoft.com/api/mcp\n",
       "COMMON HEADERS\n",
       "-> Akamai-Cache-Status: Miss from child, Miss from parent\n",
       "-> Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store\n",
       "-> Connection: keep-alive\n",
       "-> Content-Encoding: identity\n",
       "-> Content-Length: 24086\n",
       "-> Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "-> Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:59 GMT\n",
       "-> Expires: Thu, 04 Dec 2025 16:08:59 GMT\n",
       "-> Mcp-Session-Id: eyJjbGllbnRJbmZvIjp7Im5hbWUiOiJteS1jbGllbnQiLCJ0aXRsZSI6bnVsbCwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMC4wIn0sInVzZXJJZENsYWltIjpudWxsfQ\n",
       "-> Request-Context: appId=cid-v1:ccd19013-8f20-4877-8d3f-84a0107e7119\n",
       "-> Set-Cookie: ASLBSA=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;; ASLBSACORS=0003562b174eb06eed9ae0ec705e26d2c9aec6332388d120314730a5c2da183d42c8; SameSite=none; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly;\n",
       "-> Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload\n",
       "-> X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\n",
       "-> X-Powered-By: ASP.NET\n",
       "-> nel: {\"report_to\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"success_fraction\":0.01,\"failure_fraction\":1.0}\n",
       "-> report-to: {\"group\":\"network-errors\",\"max_age\":604800,\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https://mdec.nelreports.net/api/report?cat=mdocs\"}]}\n",
       "-> x-azure-ref: 20251204T160859Z-r195dfd6579k9c28hC1STOn4n80000000nk0000000006rws\n",
       "BODY Content-Type: text/event-stream\n",
       "BODY START\n",
       "event: message\n",
       "data: {\"result\":{\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"[{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022How to download and install Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# How to download and install Linux\\\\n## Step 2 - Choose a Linux distribution\\\\nThe different versions of Linux are called \\\\u0022distributions\\\\u0022 (sometimes shortened to \\\\u201Cdistros\\\\u201D). So there isn\\\\u2019t actually a way to just \\\\u201Cinstall Linux\\\\u201D, you first need to choose which distribution that uses the Linux kernel you want to download and install. There are over 600 active Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Debian, Kali Linux, openSUSE, and more. There are a number of factors to consider in choosing a distribution, such as:\\\\n### Required Linux experience\\\\nIf you\\\\u2019re new to Linux, you may want to start with Ubuntu. This is one of the most common starting places for Linux users due to the level of support and ease of use. Ubuntu offers a desktop-version and a server-version depending on how you plan to use it. The specific tasks that the operating system will be responsible for may help you determine which distribution to use. Arch Linux is a popular choice for those who want a highly customizable, do-it-yourself approach that is still stable and well-supported by a large user base. It is a much more complicated place to start, but can help you to get a better understanding of how Linux works due to the amount of custom configuration.\\\\n### System requirements\\\\nA minimal, or \\\\u0022lightweight\\\\u0022, distribution means a small footprint, with lower memory and processing speed requirements. Alpine Linux is a popular option where users will find most features disabled or not installed by default, but still has everything you need for a containerized app. Security needs: Some Linux users may have specific security concerns to consider. Kali Linux is an example of a distro designed for security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics and Reverse Engineering.\\\\n### Business and Enterprise requirements\\\\nBusiness, corporate, or academic environments may have unique concerns from consumer environments. For example Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) and Oracle Linux offer 24/7 global support and subscription-based service. CentOS is another popular enterprise distro that is community-supported but still compatible with RHEL.\\\\n### Community support\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-2---choose-a-linux-distribution\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022New to Linux resources for SQL users\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# New to Linux resources for SQL users\\\\n**Applies to:**[SQL Server](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/sql-docs-navigation-guide?view=sql-server-ver17#applies-to) - Linux\\\\nThis article is intended to provide a learning path through an introduction of Linux concepts. Use the sections in the article as a guided learning path to familiarize yourself with the Linux environment.\\\\nThis isn\\\\u0027t intended to be a comprehensive list but instead provides the bare minimum you need to help you administer and navigate your SQL Server on Linux environment. See the [full list of tutorials](https://www.linux.org/forums/linux-beginner-tutorials.123/) to learn more.\\\\n## What is Linux?\\\\nThe [What is Linux](https://www.linux.org/threads/what-is-linux.4106/) module introduces the history of Linux as an operating system. The module explains *the Kernel* and where Linux is today. This tutorial serves as an introduction to Linux, helping you get started.\\\\n## Select a distribution\\\\nAfter you know the history of Linux, decide which [distribution of Linux](https://www.linux.org/threads/selecting-a-linux-distribution.4117/) best suits your business needs. [SQL Server is supported](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-release-notes-2019?view=sql-server-ver17#supported-platforms) on various distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu.\\\\n## Get around directories\\\\nAfter you have chosen the appropriate distribution of Linux, familiarize yourself with [getting around Linux directories](https://www.linux.org/threads/getting-around-in-linux-directories.4120/).\\\\nThis module will help you answer the following questions:\\\\n1. How to navigate between different files\\\\n2. How to identify a file from a directory\\\\n3. Identify different directories\\\\n## Install new software\\\\nNext, learn how to [install new software](https://www.linux.org/threads/installing-new-software-debian-red-hat-slackware.4119/) on your new Linux operating system. This module details installing new software to the Debian and Red Hat Linux operating systems.\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/new-to-linux-resources?view=sql-server-ver17\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\\\n## Run commands by using the \\\\u0022sudo\\\\u0022 prefix\\\\nInstead of becoming the root account user in your session, you can run commands as root by using the \\\\u0060sudo \\\\u003Ccommand\\\\u003E\\\\u0060 format. This approach is safer because it will run the given command only as a superuser.\\\\nFor example, if you run \\\\u0060restart\\\\u0060 while you\\\\u0027re not elevated to superuser status, the result is as follows.\\\\n![Screenshot of restart command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/restart-command.png)\\\\nTo run this command as a superuser instead, you can either change the session context to root (by running \\\\u0060sudo su\\\\u0060) or add the \\\\u0060sudo\\\\u0060 prefix, as follows:\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060bash\\\\nsudo reboot\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\nNow, the restart operation runs as expected by the virtual machine.\\\\n![Screenshot of reboot command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/reboot-command.png)\\\\n## Package managers\\\\nPackage managers are used to install, upgrade, and remove applications in Linux. There are several different package managers, such as DPKG (Debian Package Management System), RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), and Zypper for SUSE Package managers themselves are low-level. Therefore, it might be difficult to manage software directly by using the package manager. Fortunately, there are wrappers for these tools that make it easier to install and uninstall software. For example, [yum](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum_%28software%29) is a wrapper around RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) and [APT](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/APT_%28software%29) is a wrapper around DPKG (Debian Package Management System).\\\\nThis tutorial assumes that you\\\\u0027re running the [Ubuntu package management system](https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/package-management). This system is derived from the same system that\\\\u0027s used by the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. Therefore, we can use APT to install the software.\\\\nDepending on your Linux choice, you might have to use other tools. For example, you can use yum to install or uninstall software if you\\\\u0027re running Red Hat.\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers#run-commands-by-using-the-sudo-prefix\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\\\n## Run commands as a superuser\\\\nThe superuser is the most privileged user account. It has root (unrestricted) access to all files and folders, and complete control over the operation of the computer. The system administrator uses this account for system maintenance.\\\\nOn UNIX-like systems, the conventional name of the superuser is \\\\u0022root\\\\u0022. The root user can do tasks that are otherwise restricted for standard users, including the following ones:\\\\n1. Changing system directories\\\\n2. Changing user privileges\\\\n3. Changing file ownership\\\\n4. System-related tasks such as restarts\\\\n5. Installation of certain applications\\\\nThere are several ways to run commands as the root account user. One is to use the \\\\u0060sudo su\\\\u0060 command. In this command, \\\\u0060sudo\\\\u0060 is short for \\\\u0060superuser do\\\\u0060, and \\\\u0060su\\\\u0060 is an abbreviation for \\\\u0022switch user.\\\\u0022 You can also use the \\\\u0060su\\\\u0060 command to switch between standard users.\\\\nImportant\\\\nAfter you become the root account user, everything you do runs in root context. Therefore, you should act carefully because the root account has access to the entire system.\\\\nTo demonstrate a permissions issue, create a text file in a special folder that\\\\u0027s named */etc*.\\\\nThe */etc/* folder is where system configuration files are located. This folder protects its contents from being changed by a standard user.\\\\nRun the following command:\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060bash\\\\necho hello world \\\\u003E /etc/helloworld.txt\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\nThe \\\\u0060echo\\\\u0060 command writes all the text that follows it to the output. The angle bracket (\\\\u0060\\\\u003E\\\\u0060) tells the system to send the output to the */etc/helloworld.txt* file instead of the console. This behavior is similar to how Windows works.\\\\nNote\\\\nLinux is case-sensitive: *Helloworld.txt*, *helloworld.txt* and *helloworld.Txt* are different files.\\\\nYou don\\\\u0027t have to provide a file name extension. The name \\\\u0022helloworld\\\\u0022 by itself is perfectly valid. (The \\\\u0022txt\\\\u0022 extension is used here only as an example.)\\\\nWhen you run this command, you receive a **permission denied** error message.\\\\n![Screenshot of permission denied message.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/permission-denied-message.png)\\\\nThe operation fails because the */etc* folder is special folder that a standard user can\\\\u0027t change. Verify the user by running the \\\\u0060id\\\\u0060 command.\\\\n![Screenshot of I D command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/id-command.png)\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers#run-commands-as-a-superuser\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022How to download and install Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# How to download and install Linux\\\\n## Step 1 - Choose a method to install Linux\\\\nThe choice of which method to use for installing Linux depends on your needs and preferences.\\\\n1. **New to using Linux?** We recommend starting with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) as it\\\\u0027s the easiest way to get up and running.\\\\n2. **Work in a business environment with more complex needs related to scale or security?** We recommend running Linux as a Virtual Machine (VM) in the cloud and checking out the support that Azure has to offer. This also applies if you want to run Linux as a server.\\\\n3. **Only want to run Linux as your primary operating system?** If you are good with a slightly more complicated install process and don\\\\u0027t need access to Windows tools (like Outlook, Teams, Word, PowerPoint, etc), you can run Linux on bare metal to access the full potential of your hardware without any overhead from virtualization or emulation.\\\\nLearn more about these options below.\\\\n### Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)\\\\nAvailable to those with a Windows machine, this is the most simple way to install Linux. Just run the Linux install command: \\\\u0060wsl --install\\\\u0060 to install the Ubuntu distribution.\\\\nThis method uses virtualization to integrate the Windows operating system (OS) with the Linux OS (running on an actual Linux kernel). You can add as many different Linux distributions as you please and run your favorite Linux tools, including GUI apps, alongside your favorite Windows tools. You can also mix and match Bash and PowerShell commands in the same command line. A Linux file system hosts your project files, while a separate Windows file systems hosts any developer tools, such as VS Code, that you\\\\u0027d like to work on the files with. This method of running Linux is highly efficient and performant. Once you choose a Linux distribution or opt to use the default Ubuntu distro, follow the instructions to Use the install Linux command with Windows Subsystem for Linux or learn more in the [WSL documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl).\\\\n![WSL install command screenshot](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/images/wsl-install-command-screenshot.png)\\\\n### Create a Virtual Machine (VM)\\\\nAvailable to everyone regardless if you\\\\u0027re using a Windows or MacOS-based machine, but will require either an Azure account, if creating a VM in the cloud, or virtualization software, if creating a VM directly on your machine (locally).\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-1---choose-a-method-to-install-linux\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022How to download and install Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# How to download and install Linux\\\\nLinux is an operating system, similar to Windows, but with many different versions due to the nature of being open source and fully customizable. To install Linux, you must choose an install method and choose a Linux distribution.\\\\nTo install Linux:\\\\n1. Choose an install method: Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), Bare metal Linux; or create a Virtual Machine (VM) to run Linux locally or in the cloud.\\\\n2. Choose a Linux distribution: Ubuntu, Debian, Kali Linux, openSUSE, etc.\\\\n3. Follow the steps for your preferred install method:\\\\n3.1. Use the install Linux command with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)\\\\n3.2. Create a Linux Virtual Machine (VM) in the cloud\\\\n3.3. Create a Linux Virtual Machine (VM) on your local machine\\\\n3.4. Create a bootable USB to install bare-metal Linux\\\\n4. After installing Linux: Get familiar with your distribution\\\\u0027s package manager, update and upgrade the packages available, and get familiar with the other [Linux resources at Microsoft](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/), such as training courses, Linux-versions of popular tools, news, and Open Source events.\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022Guide for changing your dev environment from Mac to Windows\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# Guide for changing your dev environment from Mac to Windows\\\\n## Command-line shells and terminals\\\\nYou can now install Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) to support running a Linux shell within Windows. This means that you can run **bash**, with whichever specific Linux distribution you choose, integrated right inside Windows. Using WSL provides the kind of environment most familiar to Mac users. For example, you use **ls** to list the files in a current directory, not **dir** as you would with the traditional Windows Cmd Shell. To learn about installing and using WSL, see the [Windows Subsystem for Linux Installation Guide](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install). Linux distributions that you can install on Windows with WSL include:\\\\n1. [Ubuntu 20.04 LTS](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9n6svws3rx71)\\\\n2. [Kali Linux](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9PKR34TNCV07)\\\\n3. [Debian GNU/Linux](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9MSVKQC78PK6)\\\\n4. [openSUSE Leap 15.1](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9NJFZK00FGKV)\\\\n5. [SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9PN498VPMF3Z)\\\\nJust to name a few. Find more in the [WSL install docs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10#install-your-linux-distribution-of-choice) and install them directly from the [Microsoft Store](https://aka.ms/wslstore).\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dev-environment/mac-to-windows#command-line-shells-and-terminals\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022How to download and install Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# How to download and install Linux\\\\n## Step 3 - Follow install method instructions\\\\n### Install Linux with Windows Subsystem for Linux\\\\nTo install Linux on a Windows PC, use the install Linux command.\\\\n1. Open PowerShell or Windows Command Prompt in *administrator mode* by right-clicking and selecting \\\\u0022Run as administrator\\\\u0022.\\\\n2. Enter the Linux install command: \\\\u0060wsl --install\\\\u0060.\\\\n3. Restart your machine.\\\\n![WSL Linux Install List Command screenshot](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/images/wsl-install-list-screenshot.png)\\\\n#### Install Linux command options\\\\nBy default, the install command will use the Ubuntu distribution of Linux. You can see the other distributions that are available in the Microsoft Store by entering the command: \\\\u0060wsl -l -o\\\\u0060. If you\\\\u0027d like to install a distribution other than Ubuntu, just add \\\\u0060-d\\\\u0060 to the command with the name of the distribution you\\\\u0027d like to install:\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060powershell\\\\nwsl --install -d \\\\u003CDistro Name\\\\u003E\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\nIf the distribution you want to install isn\\\\u0027t available in the Microsoft Store, see the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) documentation on how to [Import any Linux distribution to use with WSL](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/use-custom-distro).\\\\nFor more information on how to use VS Code, Git, databases, Docker, GUI apps, GPU acceleration, NodesJS, USB devices, or mount a disk, build a custom distribution, manage disk space, or set up WSL for your enterprise business, see the [WSL documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/).\\\\n### Create a Linux Virtual Machine in the cloud\\\\nTo create a Linux Virtual Machine (VM) that is hosted in the cloud on Azure, log-in to the Azure Portal and select the \\\\u201CCreate a Virtual Machine\\\\u201D service. Then follow the instructions for creating a user name, project, instance, SSH key, ports, and copying the IP address.\\\\nAzure supports a variety of options for setting up Linux VMs in the cloud. For a quickstart guide on how to set up a Linux VM, choose your preferred method:\\\\n1. [Azure Portal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-portal?tabs=ubuntu\\\\u0026source=docs)\\\\n2. [Azure CLI](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-cli)\\\\n3. [Azure PowerShell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-powershell)\\\\n4. [Terraform](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-terraform)\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-3---follow-install-method-instructions\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022How to download and install Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# How to download and install Linux\\\\n## Step 2 - Choose a Linux distribution\\\\nA large user community that consistently contributes to the distribution, fixing bugs, adding features, helping with questions, etc. is another good consideration. Ubuntu is one of the most popular distos. openSUSE has been around longer than most other distributions and offers in addition to the stable version (Leap) a rolling version (Tumbleweed). Many other distros rapidly grow popular as the needs and preferences of the user community change. The Linux.org site has resources to help you assess what\\\\u0027s available, well-supported, or growing in popularity.\\\\n![Screenshot of the list of distributions on Linux.org](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/images/linux-distributions-list-screenshot.png)\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-2---choose-a-linux-distribution\\u0022},{\\u0022title\\u0022:\\u0022Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\u0022,\\u0022content\\u0022:\\u0022# Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\\\n## Run commands as a superuser\\\\nTo become the root account user, run the \\\\u0060sudo su\\\\u0060 command.\\\\n![Screenshot of sudo su command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/sudo-su-command.png)\\\\nYou should notice two things: When you become root, the dollar sign character (\\\\u0060$\\\\u0060) becomes a pound sign character (\\\\u0060#\\\\u0060). Also, the username is changed to **root**. If you run the same \\\\u0060id\\\\u0060 command again, you see that the user and group ID of root are **0**.\\\\n![Screenshot of root command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/root-command.png)\\\\nImportant\\\\nNow you have elevated yourself to the \\\\u0022superuser\\\\u0022 role in your session, you have complete access to the system. Keep in mind that this is a potentially dangerous situation, and you should exercise caution as you continue.\\\\nNow, run the same command one more time:\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060bash\\\\necho hello world \\\\u003E /etc/helloworld.txt\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\nThis time, you don\\\\u0027t receive any error message. To verify if the file is created, run the following command:\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060bash\\\\nll /etc/hello*\\\\n\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\u0060\\\\nThe \\\\u0060ll\\\\u0060 command lists the files and subfolders that are in a specified folder. In this example, the \\\\u0060/etc/hello*\\\\u0060 parameter value limits the command output to the files or folders whose name begins in \\\\u0060hello\\\\u0060.\\\\n![Screenshot of hello command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/hello-command.png)\\\\nThe output shows that the file was created. What if we want to examine the content of the file? The \\\\u0060cat\\\\u0060 command helps here. To see the content, run \\\\u0060cat /etc/helloworld.txt\\\\u0060.\\\\n![Screenshot of cat command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/cat-command.png)\\\\nThe \\\\u0060cat\\\\u0060 command reads files sequentially, and writes their content to the standard output. Therefore, it writes \\\\u0022hello world\\\\u0022 in the console.\\\\nTo prevent mistakes that could damage the system while you\\\\u0027re elevated to root status, it\\\\u0027s a good practice to exit the root session and return to your standard user session to avoid some dangerous operations. To do this, run \\\\u0060exit\\\\u0060. You can see that the pound sign reverts to a dollar sign, and the username is displayed as your standard user.\\\\n![Screenshot of exit command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/exit-command.png)\\\\nFor additional practice, run the same \\\\u0060ll\\\\u0060 and \\\\u0060cat\\\\u0060 commands within your standard user context. You\\\\u0027ll see that you can\\\\u0027t create the file in the */etc/* folder, but can you list the file and read the contents.\\u0022,\\u0022contentUrl\\u0022:\\u0022https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers#run-commands-as-a-superuser\\u0022}]\"}]},\"id\":\"c4d77709f5314c9e9f097f08dd756438\",\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}\n",
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      "TextContent(text=[{\"title\":\"How to download and install Linux\",\"content\":\"# How to download and install Linux\\n## Step 2 - Choose a Linux distribution\\nThe different versions of Linux are called \\u0022distributions\\u0022 (sometimes shortened to \\u201Cdistros\\u201D). So there isn\\u2019t actually a way to just \\u201Cinstall Linux\\u201D, you first need to choose which distribution that uses the Linux kernel you want to download and install. There are over 600 active Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Debian, Kali Linux, openSUSE, and more. There are a number of factors to consider in choosing a distribution, such as:\\n### Required Linux experience\\nIf you\\u2019re new to Linux, you may want to start with Ubuntu. This is one of the most common starting places for Linux users due to the level of support and ease of use. Ubuntu offers a desktop-version and a server-version depending on how you plan to use it. The specific tasks that the operating system will be responsible for may help you determine which distribution to use. Arch Linux is a popular choice for those who want a highly customizable, do-it-yourself approach that is still stable and well-supported by a large user base. It is a much more complicated place to start, but can help you to get a better understanding of how Linux works due to the amount of custom configuration.\\n### System requirements\\nA minimal, or \\u0022lightweight\\u0022, distribution means a small footprint, with lower memory and processing speed requirements. Alpine Linux is a popular option where users will find most features disabled or not installed by default, but still has everything you need for a containerized app. Security needs: Some Linux users may have specific security concerns to consider. Kali Linux is an example of a distro designed for security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics and Reverse Engineering.\\n### Business and Enterprise requirements\\nBusiness, corporate, or academic environments may have unique concerns from consumer environments. For example Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) and Oracle Linux offer 24/7 global support and subscription-based service. CentOS is another popular enterprise distro that is community-supported but still compatible with RHEL.\\n### Community support\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-2---choose-a-linux-distribution\"},{\"title\":\"New to Linux resources for SQL users\",\"content\":\"# New to Linux resources for SQL users\\n**Applies to:**[SQL Server](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/sql-docs-navigation-guide?view=sql-server-ver17#applies-to) - Linux\\nThis article is intended to provide a learning path through an introduction of Linux concepts. Use the sections in the article as a guided learning path to familiarize yourself with the Linux environment.\\nThis isn\\u0027t intended to be a comprehensive list but instead provides the bare minimum you need to help you administer and navigate your SQL Server on Linux environment. See the [full list of tutorials](https://www.linux.org/forums/linux-beginner-tutorials.123/) to learn more.\\n## What is Linux?\\nThe [What is Linux](https://www.linux.org/threads/what-is-linux.4106/) module introduces the history of Linux as an operating system. The module explains *the Kernel* and where Linux is today. This tutorial serves as an introduction to Linux, helping you get started.\\n## Select a distribution\\nAfter you know the history of Linux, decide which [distribution of Linux](https://www.linux.org/threads/selecting-a-linux-distribution.4117/) best suits your business needs. [SQL Server is supported](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-release-notes-2019?view=sql-server-ver17#supported-platforms) on various distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu.\\n## Get around directories\\nAfter you have chosen the appropriate distribution of Linux, familiarize yourself with [getting around Linux directories](https://www.linux.org/threads/getting-around-in-linux-directories.4120/).\\nThis module will help you answer the following questions:\\n1. How to navigate between different files\\n2. How to identify a file from a directory\\n3. Identify different directories\\n## Install new software\\nNext, learn how to [install new software](https://www.linux.org/threads/installing-new-software-debian-red-hat-slackware.4119/) on your new Linux operating system. This module details installing new software to the Debian and Red Hat Linux operating systems.\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/new-to-linux-resources?view=sql-server-ver17\"},{\"title\":\"Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\",\"content\":\"# Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\n## Run commands by using the \\u0022sudo\\u0022 prefix\\nInstead of becoming the root account user in your session, you can run commands as root by using the \\u0060sudo \\u003Ccommand\\u003E\\u0060 format. This approach is safer because it will run the given command only as a superuser.\\nFor example, if you run \\u0060restart\\u0060 while you\\u0027re not elevated to superuser status, the result is as follows.\\n![Screenshot of restart command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/restart-command.png)\\nTo run this command as a superuser instead, you can either change the session context to root (by running \\u0060sudo su\\u0060) or add the \\u0060sudo\\u0060 prefix, as follows:\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060bash\\nsudo reboot\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060\\nNow, the restart operation runs as expected by the virtual machine.\\n![Screenshot of reboot command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/reboot-command.png)\\n## Package managers\\nPackage managers are used to install, upgrade, and remove applications in Linux. There are several different package managers, such as DPKG (Debian Package Management System), RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), and Zypper for SUSE Package managers themselves are low-level. Therefore, it might be difficult to manage software directly by using the package manager. Fortunately, there are wrappers for these tools that make it easier to install and uninstall software. For example, [yum](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum_%28software%29) is a wrapper around RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) and [APT](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/APT_%28software%29) is a wrapper around DPKG (Debian Package Management System).\\nThis tutorial assumes that you\\u0027re running the [Ubuntu package management system](https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/package-management). This system is derived from the same system that\\u0027s used by the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. Therefore, we can use APT to install the software.\\nDepending on your Linux choice, you might have to use other tools. For example, you can use yum to install or uninstall software if you\\u0027re running Red Hat.\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers#run-commands-by-using-the-sudo-prefix\"},{\"title\":\"Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\",\"content\":\"# Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\n## Run commands as a superuser\\nThe superuser is the most privileged user account. It has root (unrestricted) access to all files and folders, and complete control over the operation of the computer. The system administrator uses this account for system maintenance.\\nOn UNIX-like systems, the conventional name of the superuser is \\u0022root\\u0022. The root user can do tasks that are otherwise restricted for standard users, including the following ones:\\n1. Changing system directories\\n2. Changing user privileges\\n3. Changing file ownership\\n4. System-related tasks such as restarts\\n5. Installation of certain applications\\nThere are several ways to run commands as the root account user. One is to use the \\u0060sudo su\\u0060 command. In this command, \\u0060sudo\\u0060 is short for \\u0060superuser do\\u0060, and \\u0060su\\u0060 is an abbreviation for \\u0022switch user.\\u0022 You can also use the \\u0060su\\u0060 command to switch between standard users.\\nImportant\\nAfter you become the root account user, everything you do runs in root context. Therefore, you should act carefully because the root account has access to the entire system.\\nTo demonstrate a permissions issue, create a text file in a special folder that\\u0027s named */etc*.\\nThe */etc/* folder is where system configuration files are located. This folder protects its contents from being changed by a standard user.\\nRun the following command:\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060bash\\necho hello world \\u003E /etc/helloworld.txt\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060\\nThe \\u0060echo\\u0060 command writes all the text that follows it to the output. The angle bracket (\\u0060\\u003E\\u0060) tells the system to send the output to the */etc/helloworld.txt* file instead of the console. This behavior is similar to how Windows works.\\nNote\\nLinux is case-sensitive: *Helloworld.txt*, *helloworld.txt* and *helloworld.Txt* are different files.\\nYou don\\u0027t have to provide a file name extension. The name \\u0022helloworld\\u0022 by itself is perfectly valid. (The \\u0022txt\\u0022 extension is used here only as an example.)\\nWhen you run this command, you receive a **permission denied** error message.\\n![Screenshot of permission denied message.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/permission-denied-message.png)\\nThe operation fails because the */etc* folder is special folder that a standard user can\\u0027t change. Verify the user by running the \\u0060id\\u0060 command.\\n![Screenshot of I D command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/id-command.png)\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers#run-commands-as-a-superuser\"},{\"title\":\"How to download and install Linux\",\"content\":\"# How to download and install Linux\\n## Step 1 - Choose a method to install Linux\\nThe choice of which method to use for installing Linux depends on your needs and preferences.\\n1. **New to using Linux?** We recommend starting with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) as it\\u0027s the easiest way to get up and running.\\n2. **Work in a business environment with more complex needs related to scale or security?** We recommend running Linux as a Virtual Machine (VM) in the cloud and checking out the support that Azure has to offer. This also applies if you want to run Linux as a server.\\n3. **Only want to run Linux as your primary operating system?** If you are good with a slightly more complicated install process and don\\u0027t need access to Windows tools (like Outlook, Teams, Word, PowerPoint, etc), you can run Linux on bare metal to access the full potential of your hardware without any overhead from virtualization or emulation.\\nLearn more about these options below.\\n### Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)\\nAvailable to those with a Windows machine, this is the most simple way to install Linux. Just run the Linux install command: \\u0060wsl --install\\u0060 to install the Ubuntu distribution.\\nThis method uses virtualization to integrate the Windows operating system (OS) with the Linux OS (running on an actual Linux kernel). You can add as many different Linux distributions as you please and run your favorite Linux tools, including GUI apps, alongside your favorite Windows tools. You can also mix and match Bash and PowerShell commands in the same command line. A Linux file system hosts your project files, while a separate Windows file systems hosts any developer tools, such as VS Code, that you\\u0027d like to work on the files with. This method of running Linux is highly efficient and performant. Once you choose a Linux distribution or opt to use the default Ubuntu distro, follow the instructions to Use the install Linux command with Windows Subsystem for Linux or learn more in the [WSL documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl).\\n![WSL install command screenshot](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/images/wsl-install-command-screenshot.png)\\n### Create a Virtual Machine (VM)\\nAvailable to everyone regardless if you\\u0027re using a Windows or MacOS-based machine, but will require either an Azure account, if creating a VM in the cloud, or virtualization software, if creating a VM directly on your machine (locally).\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-1---choose-a-method-to-install-linux\"},{\"title\":\"How to download and install Linux\",\"content\":\"# How to download and install Linux\\nLinux is an operating system, similar to Windows, but with many different versions due to the nature of being open source and fully customizable. To install Linux, you must choose an install method and choose a Linux distribution.\\nTo install Linux:\\n1. Choose an install method: Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), Bare metal Linux; or create a Virtual Machine (VM) to run Linux locally or in the cloud.\\n2. Choose a Linux distribution: Ubuntu, Debian, Kali Linux, openSUSE, etc.\\n3. Follow the steps for your preferred install method:\\n3.1. Use the install Linux command with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)\\n3.2. Create a Linux Virtual Machine (VM) in the cloud\\n3.3. Create a Linux Virtual Machine (VM) on your local machine\\n3.4. Create a bootable USB to install bare-metal Linux\\n4. After installing Linux: Get familiar with your distribution\\u0027s package manager, update and upgrade the packages available, and get familiar with the other [Linux resources at Microsoft](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/), such as training courses, Linux-versions of popular tools, news, and Open Source events.\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install\"},{\"title\":\"Guide for changing your dev environment from Mac to Windows\",\"content\":\"# Guide for changing your dev environment from Mac to Windows\\n## Command-line shells and terminals\\nYou can now install Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) to support running a Linux shell within Windows. This means that you can run **bash**, with whichever specific Linux distribution you choose, integrated right inside Windows. Using WSL provides the kind of environment most familiar to Mac users. For example, you use **ls** to list the files in a current directory, not **dir** as you would with the traditional Windows Cmd Shell. To learn about installing and using WSL, see the [Windows Subsystem for Linux Installation Guide](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install). Linux distributions that you can install on Windows with WSL include:\\n1. [Ubuntu 20.04 LTS](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9n6svws3rx71)\\n2. [Kali Linux](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9PKR34TNCV07)\\n3. [Debian GNU/Linux](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9MSVKQC78PK6)\\n4. [openSUSE Leap 15.1](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9NJFZK00FGKV)\\n5. [SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9PN498VPMF3Z)\\nJust to name a few. Find more in the [WSL install docs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10#install-your-linux-distribution-of-choice) and install them directly from the [Microsoft Store](https://aka.ms/wslstore).\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dev-environment/mac-to-windows#command-line-shells-and-terminals\"},{\"title\":\"How to download and install Linux\",\"content\":\"# How to download and install Linux\\n## Step 3 - Follow install method instructions\\n### Install Linux with Windows Subsystem for Linux\\nTo install Linux on a Windows PC, use the install Linux command.\\n1. Open PowerShell or Windows Command Prompt in *administrator mode* by right-clicking and selecting \\u0022Run as administrator\\u0022.\\n2. Enter the Linux install command: \\u0060wsl --install\\u0060.\\n3. Restart your machine.\\n![WSL Linux Install List Command screenshot](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/images/wsl-install-list-screenshot.png)\\n#### Install Linux command options\\nBy default, the install command will use the Ubuntu distribution of Linux. You can see the other distributions that are available in the Microsoft Store by entering the command: \\u0060wsl -l -o\\u0060. If you\\u0027d like to install a distribution other than Ubuntu, just add \\u0060-d\\u0060 to the command with the name of the distribution you\\u0027d like to install:\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060powershell\\nwsl --install -d \\u003CDistro Name\\u003E\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060\\nIf the distribution you want to install isn\\u0027t available in the Microsoft Store, see the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) documentation on how to [Import any Linux distribution to use with WSL](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/use-custom-distro).\\nFor more information on how to use VS Code, Git, databases, Docker, GUI apps, GPU acceleration, NodesJS, USB devices, or mount a disk, build a custom distribution, manage disk space, or set up WSL for your enterprise business, see the [WSL documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/).\\n### Create a Linux Virtual Machine in the cloud\\nTo create a Linux Virtual Machine (VM) that is hosted in the cloud on Azure, log-in to the Azure Portal and select the \\u201CCreate a Virtual Machine\\u201D service. Then follow the instructions for creating a user name, project, instance, SSH key, ports, and copying the IP address.\\nAzure supports a variety of options for setting up Linux VMs in the cloud. For a quickstart guide on how to set up a Linux VM, choose your preferred method:\\n1. [Azure Portal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-portal?tabs=ubuntu\\u0026source=docs)\\n2. [Azure CLI](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-cli)\\n3. [Azure PowerShell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-powershell)\\n4. [Terraform](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/quick-create-terraform)\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-3---follow-install-method-instructions\"},{\"title\":\"How to download and install Linux\",\"content\":\"# How to download and install Linux\\n## Step 2 - Choose a Linux distribution\\nA large user community that consistently contributes to the distribution, fixing bugs, adding features, helping with questions, etc. is another good consideration. Ubuntu is one of the most popular distos. openSUSE has been around longer than most other distributions and offers in addition to the stable version (Leap) a rolling version (Tumbleweed). Many other distros rapidly grow popular as the needs and preferences of the user community change. The Linux.org site has resources to help you assess what\\u0027s available, well-supported, or growing in popularity.\\n![Screenshot of the list of distributions on Linux.org](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/images/linux-distributions-list-screenshot.png)\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linux/install#step-2---choose-a-linux-distribution\"},{\"title\":\"Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\",\"content\":\"# Part 1.2 - Basic operations on Linux\\n## Run commands as a superuser\\nTo become the root account user, run the \\u0060sudo su\\u0060 command.\\n![Screenshot of sudo su command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/sudo-su-command.png)\\nYou should notice two things: When you become root, the dollar sign character (\\u0060$\\u0060) becomes a pound sign character (\\u0060#\\u0060). Also, the username is changed to **root**. If you run the same \\u0060id\\u0060 command again, you see that the user and group ID of root are **0**.\\n![Screenshot of root command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/root-command.png)\\nImportant\\nNow you have elevated yourself to the \\u0022superuser\\u0022 role in your session, you have complete access to the system. Keep in mind that this is a potentially dangerous situation, and you should exercise caution as you continue.\\nNow, run the same command one more time:\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060bash\\necho hello world \\u003E /etc/helloworld.txt\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060\\nThis time, you don\\u0027t receive any error message. To verify if the file is created, run the following command:\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060bash\\nll /etc/hello*\\n\\u0060\\u0060\\u0060\\nThe \\u0060ll\\u0060 command lists the files and subfolders that are in a specified folder. In this example, the \\u0060/etc/hello*\\u0060 parameter value limits the command output to the files or folders whose name begins in \\u0060hello\\u0060.\\n![Screenshot of hello command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/hello-command.png)\\nThe output shows that the file was created. What if we want to examine the content of the file? The \\u0060cat\\u0060 command helps here. To see the content, run \\u0060cat /etc/helloworld.txt\\u0060.\\n![Screenshot of cat command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/cat-command.png)\\nThe \\u0060cat\\u0060 command reads files sequentially, and writes their content to the standard output. Therefore, it writes \\u0022hello world\\u0022 in the console.\\nTo prevent mistakes that could damage the system while you\\u0027re elevated to root status, it\\u0027s a good practice to exit the root session and return to your standard user session to avoid some dangerous operations. To do this, run \\u0060exit\\u0060. You can see that the pound sign reverts to a dollar sign, and the username is displayed as your standard user.\\n![Screenshot of exit command.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/media/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers/exit-command.png)\\nFor additional practice, run the same \\u0060ll\\u0060 and \\u0060cat\\u0060 commands within your standard user context. You\\u0027ll see that you can\\u0027t create the file in the */etc/* folder, but can you list the file and read the contents.\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/webapps/aspnetcore/practice-troubleshoot-linux/1-2-linux-special-directories-users-package-managers#run-commands-as-a-superuser\"}], annotations=null, meta=null)\n"
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